Open government data (OGD) is a global governance agenda that supports transparency, accountability, and citizen participation. However, the existing literature is still predominantly characterized by narrative and qualitative reviews, leaving the intellectual structure and current research trends relatively underexplored quantitatively. This study employs bibliometric analysis to map publication trends, the performance of authors, institutions, and countries, as well as the thematic structure of OGD research, and to identify future research directions relevant to data-driven decision making. Data were obtained from the Scopus database following the PRISMA protocol, resulting in 233 articles published between 2012 and 2026. Publication trends show a fluctuating pattern in the early years but have increased sharply since 2021, with the highest surge occurring in 2025. China, the United States, and the Netherlands are the most prominent contributors in terms of publications and citations, with China leading in the number of publications, the Netherlands having the highest citation impact, and the United States demonstrating consistent contributions across both indicators. Keyword co-occurrence mapping identified five main thematic clusters: e-government and data interoperability; data sharing, privacy, and local government; transparency, regulation, and digital transformation in the public sector; data governance, adoption, and trust; and data quality and open data portals. OGD research remains strongly oriented toward the government data provision perspective, while the utilization of data for decision making, the integration of blockchain technology for governance, and active citizen participation remain relatively underexplored areas. This study recommends that future research focus on (i) the mechanisms and barriers to utilizing OGD in data-driven decision making, (ii) the integration of blockchain technology to enhance trust and governance of open data, and (iii) citizen participation and the usability of open data portals.