The 1st PPAVI Student Research and Vocational Conference 2026

Submission Details

Accepted PPAVI-2026-10F7242B / Oral
Your abstract is accepted and payment is complete.

Submission Information

Submitted
06 Oct 2026, 08:30 WIB
Presentation Type
Oral
Symposium
Symposium on Business Transformation, Social Innovation, Humanities, and Sustainable Economy
Track
Business Transformation, Entrepreneurship, and Sustainable Economy
Topic
Sustainable entrepreneurship
Authors
Stefania
Supervisors
Dr.Li. Magpika Handayani, S.Pd., M.Pd.
Affiliation
Politeknik Tonggak Equator Pontianak
Submission Payment
Paid

Title and Abstract

English

Title

Direct and Indirect Request Strategies in WhatsApp-Based Business Communication: Linguistic Realizations and Contextual Factors

Abstract

Directness and indirectness are important aspects of written business communication because the way requests are expressed can influence clarity, politeness, and professional relationships. This study aims to analyze how directness and indirectness are realized in written business requests, identify the linguistic features that distinguish the two strategies, examine the factors influencing their use, and understand their effects on communication effectiveness. This study employs a qualitative descriptive research design. The data consist of written business communication in WhatsApp messages containing direct and indirect request expressions. The data were collected using a documentation method and analyzed by identifying, classifying, and interpreting the request expressions based on their linguistic features, context, and pragmatic functions. The analysis was supported by the theories of Newnam and Goode (2019), Joyce (2012), and Berrios et al. (2025). The findings show that directness is realized through informative statements, motivational expressions, formal announcements, declarative statements, and permission statements, while indirectness is realized through question forms, elliptical statements, politeness markers, indirect reminders, and implied requests. The use of these strategies is influenced by urgency, workplace hierarchy, professional politeness, social distance, and the communication platform. Directness contributes to clarity, efficiency, and faster task completion, whereas indirectness helps maintain politeness, reduce potential conflict, and preserve professional relationships. Therefore, effective written business communication requires an appropriate balance between directness and indirectness according to the context, purpose, and interpersonal relationships involved.

Keywords

directness, indirectness, business communication, written requests, communication effectiveness

Bahasa Indonesia

Judul

Strategi Permintaan Langsung dan Tidak Langsung dalam Komunikasi Bisnis Berbasis WhatsApp: Realisasi Linguistik dan Faktor Kontekstual

Abstrak

Keterusterangan dan ketidaklangsungan adalah aspek penting dari komunikasi bisnis tertulis karena cara permintaan diekspresikan dapat mempengaruhi kejelasan, kesopanan, dan hubungan profesional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana keterusterangan dan ketidaklangsungan direalisasikan dalam permintaan bisnis tertulis, mengidentifikasi fitur linguistik yang membedakan kedua strategi, memeriksa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaannya, dan memahami efeknya terhadap efektivitas komunikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data terdiri dari komunikasi bisnis tertulis dalam pesan WhatsApp yang mengandung ekspresi permintaan langsung dan tidak langsung. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode dokumentasi dan dianalisis dengan mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasikan, dan menginterpretasikan ekspresi permintaan berdasarkan fitur linguistik, konteks, dan fungsi pragmatik mereka. Analisis didukung oleh teori Newnam dan Goode (2019), Joyce (2012), dan Berrios et al. (2025). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa keterusterangan direalisasikan melalui pernyataan informatif, ekspresi motivasional, pengumuman formal, pernyataan deklaratif, dan pernyataan izin, sementara ketidaklangsungan direalisasikan melalui bentuk pertanyaan, pernyataan elips, penanda kesopanan, pengingat tidak langsung, dan permintaan tersirat. Penggunaan strategi ini dipengaruhi oleh urgensi, hierarki tempat kerja, kesopanan profesional, jarak sosial, dan platform komunikasi. Keterusterangan berkontribusi pada kejelasan, efisiensi, dan penyelesaian tugas yang lebih cepat, sedangkan ketidaklangsungan membantu menjaga kesopanan, mengurangi potensi konflik, dan mempertahankan hubungan profesional. Oleh karena itu, komunikasi bisnis tertulis yang efektif memerlukan keseimbangan yang tepat antara keterusterangan dan ketidaklangsungan sesuai dengan konteks, tujuan, dan hubungan interpersonal yang terlibat.

Kata kunci

keterusterangan, ketidaklangsungan, komunikasi bisnis, permintaan tertulis, efektivitas komunikasi

Submitted Materials

Video: Open video

Review / Editorial Notes and Discussion

Use this thread for submission questions, corrections, and committee-author communication.

Committee: Romanus Edy Prabowo 06 Oct 2026, 10:18 WIB
The current title, “Directness and Indirectness in Business Setting,” is broad and does not specify the type of communication or the focus of the analysis. Please revise it to reflect the study’s focus on written business requests in WhatsApp messages.
Suggested titles:
1. Direct and Indirect Request Strategies in WhatsApp-Based Business Communication: Linguistic Realizations and Contextual Factors
2. Directness and Indirectness in Written Business Requests on WhatsApp: Forms, Contexts, and Pragmatic Functions
The first title is recommended because it clearly identifies the communication medium, the strategies examined, and the study’s main analytical dimensions. Please also ensure that claims about communication effectiveness are supported by the data and methods. If the study analyzes message texts only, consider framing these as pragmatic functions rather than measured effects.