The 1st PPAVI Higher Education Research and Vocational Conference 2026

Submission Details

Accepted PPAVI-2026-7355F2C6 / Oral
Your abstract is accepted and payment is complete.

Submission Information

Submitted
27 Sep 2026, 07:25 WIB
Presentation Type
Oral
Symposium
Symposium on Applied STEM, Maritime Technology, and Sustainable Engineering
Track
Sustainable Engineering, Maritime Systems, and Applied Technology
Topic
Industrial and Vocational Technology
Authors
Eko Purwanto Aribowo
Affiliation
Politeknik ATMI
Submission Payment
Paid

Title and Abstract

English

Title

Rocker Arm Frame Design to Maintain Traction on a 6-Wheel Center-Drive AMR

Abstract

A six-wheeled Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) with a center drive wheel has been widely proposed for logistics applications in hospital settings, as it can maneuver with zero turning radius through narrow corridors. However, this configuration is prone to losing traction at the drive wheel when crossing a ramp, because the load distribution becomes concentrated at a single contact point. The common approach in prior research is to add an extra actuator to keep the drive wheel's normal force adequate. This paper proposes a different and mechanically simpler approach: a passive rocker mechanism, with no additional actuator or sensor, that connects the drive wheel to one of the caster wheels, pivoting on a single fulcrum point on the main frame, similar to the walking-beam principle used in truck-trailer couplings. Through action-reaction analysis and a two-stage Free Body Diagram (FBD) (main frame, then rocker arm), a relationship is derived between the drive wheel's reaction force (FrC), the center of gravity (CoG) position, the rocker geometry, and the ramp incline angle. The analysis results are used to derive a traction sufficiency condition, namely whether the reaction force reaching the drive wheel, after being split through the rocker, is still enough to produce traction capable of moving the AGV up the ramp. Experimental verification on a physical prototype shows that this mechanism consistently maintains ground contact for all wheels and drive wheel traction at inclines up to 6°, in line with the hospital ramp standard.

Keywords

Automated Guided Vehicle, six-wheeled robot, rocker mechanism, hospital logistics, traction analysis, Free Body Diagram

Bahasa Indonesia

Judul

Desain Rangka Rocker Arm untuk Mempertahankan Traksi pada AMR Penggerak Pusat 6 Roda

Abstrak

Sebuah Kendaraan Pandu Otomatis (AGV) beroda enam dengan roda penggerak pusat telah banyak diusulkan untuk aplikasi logistik di lingkungan rumah sakit, karena dapat bermanuver dengan radius belok nol melalui koridor sempit. Namun, konfigurasi ini rentan kehilangan traksi pada roda penggerak saat melintasi ramp, karena distribusi beban menjadi terkonsentrasi pada satu titik kontak. Pendekatan umum dalam penelitian sebelumnya adalah menambahkan aktuator tambahan untuk menjaga gaya normal roda penggerak tetap memadai. Makalah ini mengusulkan pendekatan yang berbeda dan secara mekanis lebih sederhana: mekanisme rocker pasif, tanpa aktuator atau sensor tambahan, yang menghubungkan roda penggerak ke salah satu roda caster, berputar pada satu titik fulkrum di rangka utama, mirip dengan prinsip walking-beam yang digunakan dalam penghubung truk-trailer. Melalui analisis aksi-reaksi dan Diagram Bebas Dua Tahap (FBD) (rangka utama, kemudian rocker arm), hubungan diturunkan antara gaya reaksi roda penggerak (FrC), posisi pusat gravitasi (CoG), geometri rocker, dan sudut kemiringan ramp. Hasil analisis digunakan untuk menurunkan kondisi kecukupan traksi, yaitu apakah gaya reaksi yang mencapai roda penggerak, setelah dibagi melalui rocker, masih cukup untuk menghasilkan traksi yang mampu menggerakkan AGV naik ramp. Verifikasi eksperimental pada prototipe fisik menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme ini secara konsisten mempertahankan kontak tanah untuk semua roda dan traksi roda penggerak pada kemiringan hingga 6°, sesuai dengan standar ramp rumah sakit.

Kata kunci

Kendaraan Pandu Otomatis, robot beroda enam, mekanisme rocker, logistik rumah sakit, analisis traksi, Diagram Bebas

Review / Editorial Notes and Discussion

Use this thread for submission questions, corrections, and committee-author communication.

No discussion messages yet.